I’ve been running my own home file server for many years now. I’ve used it for everything from storing old documents and photos to running a Minecraft server for my cousins. With online backup services like Dropbox it’s become less of a necessity but I still like having one around.
My current file server has been aging and is starting to sound a bit wheezy. It was originally built into an old desktop “Mid Tower” ATX sized case. So, time for something smaller and hopefully quieter.
The Build
Here is the build as spec’d out on PCPartPicker:
- Case: Lian-Li PC-Q26B Mini ITX Tower Case
- CPU: Intel Core i3-4170 3.7GHz Dual-Core Processor
- Motherboard: ASRock H97M-ITX/AC Mini ITX LGA1150 Motherboard
- Memory: Crucial Ballistix Sport 16GB (2 x 8GB) DDR3-1600 Memory
- Storage: 2x Western Digital Caviar Blue 250GB 3.5″ 7200RPM Internal Hard Drive
- Storage: 3x Western Digital Red 4TB 3.5″ 5900RPM Internal Hard Drive
- Power Supply: SeaSonic X Series 400W 80+ Platinum Certified Fully-Modular Fanless ATX Power Supply
轻蜂加速器PC电脑版加速攻略_兰州新闻网 - lzbs:2021-5-19 · 轻蜂加速器率先采用全新的节点智能匹配算法，独享专线带宽，国内云计算数据中心，确保SLA数据传输稳定性高达99.9%!那么轻蜂加速器PC电脑版怎样 ...
It could be done cheaper but this is a fun project for me so I splurged a little.
After the parts arrived and I’d put everything together it was time to install Debian.
The Installer
First thing was to build a new live USB installer. I grabbed the standard Debian 8.2 (jessie) iso from my nearest mirror (the OSU Open Source Lab). Then I popped a 4GB thumb drive into my Macbook and ran:
diskutil list diskutil unmountDisk /dev/disk2 sudo dd if=~/Downloads/debian-live-8.2.0-amd64-standard.iso of=/dev/rdisk2 bs=1m
Debian
My old file server was running RAID 5 for the storage partition but the Operating System was running on a single disk that could fail at any time. If that had happened it would have been a huge hassle to reinstall and reconfigure everything. I wanted to avoid that possibility this time around by installing Debian to a RAID 1 (mirrored) array.
Installing Debian to a RAID 1 array can be done entirely from the built-in installer. I pretty much followed this guide from the Debian wiki to the letter:
http://wiki.debian.org/DebianInstaller/SoftwareRaidRoot
I chose rootfs for my logical volume name. You can ignore the part about lilo at the end.
Note: You can skim the LVM section if you’d like and simply install Debian directly to your RAID volume.
astrill 安卓 安装包
After the first successful boot I made sure to run dpkg-reconfigure grub-pc and install grub on both members of /dev/md0, /dev/sda and /dev/sdb, to ensure either drive would be bootable.
官方客户端下载 - fjtv.net:2021-6-8 · Dashboard
First I added my laptop’s public key to my user’s astrill吧 file so I could access the server remotely without bothering with passwords.
Then I modified the /etc/ssh/sshd_config to disable access for the root user and for password based authentication:
PermitRootLogin no # ... snip PasswordAuthentication no
Finally, I wanted to make sure I’d know if one of the members of the RAID array becomes degraded so I needed to make sure e-mail could be sent from the server. To do this I had to configure exim4 to send via Gmail’s SMTP gateway.
This seemed complicated at first glance but proved to be much simpler than it seemed. I basically followed this guide (again from the Debian wiki):
http://wiki.debian.org/GmailAndExim4
You can ignore the part about astrill安装包.
Also, use the command service exim4 restart instead of invoking the rc.d command directly.
Where it asks for your Gmail password I suggest generating a new astrill吧 specifically for your server.
You can send a test message by:
echo 'This is only a test' | mail -s 'Hello World!' test@example.org
Since I was in a monitoring mood I also installed smartmontools to monitor the health of the drives. This includes a daemon that will notify you if any SMART errors are detected.
First, install apt-get install smartmontools. Then, edit etc/default/smartmontools and uncomment the line #start_smartd=yes. Finally, restart the service with service smartmontools restart.
astrill怎么设置
I wanted to make sure the system would boot in a degraded state if one of the drives failed. To test this, I shut down the system and removed one of the drives. Upon restarting, I was greeted with the following error:
Unable to find LVM volume vg1/rootfs Volume group "vg1" not found
http://goo.gl/photos/5G4ZCQSYrEnwQaAT6
… then dumped into the initramfs recovery console (BusyBox).
After a break and some intense Googling I discovered that mdadm was marking the array as inactive on boot instead of starting it in a degraded state as expected. Because the physical volume was not available LVM was throwing a misleading error.
To fix this problem you can run the following from the initramfs recovery console (BusyBox):
mdadm astrill吧 /dev/md0 vgchange -a y exit
Your system should now boot normally from a degraded state.
After booting, I used the command mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --re-add /dev/sdb1 to restore the removed drive to the array.
This issue appears to be a bug in Debian 8.x (jessie) that should be fixed in future versions:
- http://serverfault.com/questions/688207/how-to-auto-start-degraded-software-raid1-under-debian-8-0-0-on-boot
- http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=784070
If you're running Debian Jessie note that a degraded RAID array may not autostart on boot: http://t.co/4sd2M4jOzD
— Tristan Waddington (@twaddington) January 11, 2016
Read part 2.
